We also provide a tutorial-style introduction to some of the most promising algorithmic approaches for analysing sequences. Our goal is to present not just a review of the state of the art, but to propose a methodological framework that summarises what we suggest are the best practices for research in this field, across taxa and across disciplines. This review and prospectus is the result of a collaborative effort between 43 scientists from the fields of animal behaviour, ecology and evolution, signal processing, machine learning, quantitative linguistics, and information theory, who gathered for a 2013 workshop entitled, ‘Analysing vocal sequences in animals’. Our review aims to outline suitable methods for testing these hypotheses, and to describe the major limitations to our current and near-future knowledge on questions of acoustic sequences. Hypotheses abound, but there is little agreement as to how sequences should be defined and analysed. More often however, researchers have only begun to characterise – let alone understand – the significance and meaning of acoustic sequences. mate attraction and territorial defence). Occasionally, such as with birdsong, the adaptive role of these sequences seems clear (e.g. Apart from the well-known example of birdsong, other animals such as insects, amphibians, and mammals (including bats, rodents, primates, and cetaceans) also generate complex acoustic sequences. Veronica Zamora Gutierrez, University of Cambridge, CambridgeĪnimal acoustic communication often takes the form of complex sequences, made up of multiple distinct acoustic units. Sara Waller, Montana State University, Bozeman Vallejo, Monterrey Institute of Technology, Monterrey Laela Sayigh, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods HoleĬharles Taylor, University of California Los Angeles, Los AngelesĮdgar E. Kazutoshi Sasahara, Nagoya University, Nagoya

Roberta Salmi, University of Georgia at Athens, Athens Megan Rice, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos Narins, University of California Los Angeles, Los AngelesĪlex Piel, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Manser, University of Zurich, Zurichīrenda McCowan, University of California Davis, DavisĮduardo Mercado III, The State University of New York, Buffalo Jeremy Karnowski, University of California San Diego, La Jollaīernard Lohr, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore Johnson, Marquette University FollowĬhenghui Ju, The City University of New York, Flushing Jin, Pennsylvania State University, University Park Julia Hyland Bruno, The City University of New York, New YorkĪmiyaal Ilany, University of Tennessee, Knoxvilleĭezhe Z. Melissa Hughes, College of Charleston, Charleston Morgan Gustison, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Garland, National Marine Mammal Laboratory, AFSC/NOAA, Seattle Freeberg, University of Tennessee, KnoxvilleĮllen C. Ramon Ferreri Cancho, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona

Laurance Doyle, SETI Institute, Mountain View Michael Coen, University of Wisconsin-Madison Gerald Carter, University of Maryland at College ParkĬristiane Cäsar, University of St Andrews Kirsten Bohn, Florida International University, Miami Bee, University of Minnesota, Falcon Heights Gregory Backus, North Carolina State University Blumstein, University of California, Los Angeles Arik Kershenbaum, University of Tennessee, Knoxvilleĭaniel T.

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